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#> hdparm -tT /dev/sda
Timing buffered disk reads: 398 MB in 3.00 seconds = 132.45 MB/sec
write:
#> dd if=/dev/zero of=./tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1073741824 Bytes (1,1 GB) kopiert, 12,8038 s, 83,9 MB/s
read:
#> echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
#> dd if=./tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1073741824 Bytes (1,1 GB) kopiert, 6,79724 s, 158 MB/s
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I need a ssh login for restricted portforward but without a shell for the user.
This got realized with /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
...
Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
Match user USER
PasswordAuthentication yes
AllowAgentForwarding no
X11Forwarding no
ForceCommand internal-sftp
PermitOpen localhost:22
ChrootDirectory /home/USER
"PermitOpen"restricts portforward to localhost:22 (remote port forward is not restricted)
But if the client needs a login shell this failes.
Well you could tell the client to not use a login shell:
ssh -N -L2222:IP:22 USER@SERVER
putty: SSH / Protocol Option enable "Don't start a shell or command at all"
or use an own loginshell where the user can only press return to disconnect:
/etc/ssh/sshd_config:
...
Subsystem sftp internal-sftp
Match user USER
PasswordAuthentication yes
AllowAgentForwarding no
X11Forwarding no
PermitOpen 127.0.0.1:2222
ChrootDirectory /home/USER
sudo touch /home/USER/.hushlogin
sudo cp own_loginshell /home/USER/
/etc/passwd:USER:x:ID:ID::/:/own_loginshell
own_loginshell.c:
/*
simple program to print to stdout and read from stdin without libc
taken from http://crazychenz.com/archives/107
(http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2548486/compiling-without-libc)
modified 2011 by Peter Holik (peter@holik.at)
gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -fno-builtin own_loginshell.c -o own_loginshell
*/
/* Types - I've defined these just to match the kernel's macros, typedefs, and structs */
typedef unsigned int size_t;
/* Syscalls */
exit(int error_code) {
/* The asm call is a GCC thing that allows us to put assembly
* inline with our C code. This particular use is the extended version,
* which provides a very clean and easy way to map variables in
* our code with registers in the assembly code.
*/
asm("int $0x80"
: // no output registers
: "a" (1), "b" (error_code)
);
}
size_t read(unsigned int fd, char * buf, size_t count) {
size_t ret;
/* In this call, we have a return value, which know will be
* of type size_t, so we put the value of %eax into ret.
*/
asm("int $0x80"
: "=a" (ret)
: "a" (3), "b" (fd), "c" (buf), "d" (count)
);
return ret;
}
size_t write(unsigned int fd, const char * buf, size_t count) {
size_t ret;
asm("int $0x80"
: "=a" (ret)
: "a" (4), "b" (fd), "c" (buf), "d" (count)
);
return ret;
}
/* Notice that there is no main in this code, that is because
* main is not _really_ required. All that is _really_ required
* is the entry point for Linux to execute. I'd suggest
* always using a main() for compatibility reasons.
*/
void _start() {
char *buf = "press enter to close connection";
write(1, buf, 31);
read(0, buf, 1);
exit(0);
}
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* create modline setting with cvt for desired resolution
* add new modline with xrandr --newmode
* add mode to output with xrandr --addmode
* set output and dimension with xrandr --output and --mode
The needed steps are done in
/etc/X11/Xsession.d/45custom_xrandr-settings
# $ cvt 1280 1024 60
# 1280x1024 59.89 Hz (CVT 1.31M4) hsync: 63.67 kHz; pclk: 109.00 MHz
# Modeline "1280x1024_60.00" 109.00 1280 1368 1496 1712 1024 1027 1034 1063 \
# -hsync +vsync
# $ xrandr
# Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 8192 x 8192
# HDMI-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
# VGA-1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm
# 1024x768 60.0*
# 800x600 60.3 56.2
# 848x480 60.0
# 640x480 59.9
xrandr --newmode "1280x1024_60.00" 109.00 1280 1368 1496 1712 1024 1027 1034 1063 \
-hsync +vsync
xrandr --addmode VGA-1 1280x1024_60.00
# $ xrandr
# Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 8192 x 8192
# HDMI-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
# VGA-1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm
# 1024x768 60.0*
# 800x600 60.3 56.2
# 848x480 60.0
# 640x480 59.9
# 1280x1024_60.00 59.9
xrandr --output VGA-1 --mode 1280x1024_60.00
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Server
needed packages: mgetty, pppd
start and stop mgetty on plugin of usbmodem (0572:1329 Conexant Systems (Rockwell), Inc.)
/etc/init/mgetty.conf
# mgetty - dialin daemon
description "mgetty daemon"
start on tty-device-added KERNEL=ttyACM0
stop on tty-device-removed KERNEL=ttyACM0
respawn
exec /sbin/mgetty -s 115200 -D /dev/ttyACM0
/etc/mgetty/login.config
/AutoPPP/ - a_ppp /usr/sbin/pppd auth +chap -pap name dialinserver remotename dialer debug
I use chap instead of pap because of plain password used by pap.
/etc/ppp/chap-secrets
dialer dialinserver password *
/etc/ppp/options.ttyACM0
10.0.0.1:10.0.0.2
Client
needed packages: pppd
/etc/ppp/peers/dialinserver
noauth
connect "/usr/sbin/chat -v -f /etc/chatscripts/dialinserver"
debug
/dev/ttyS0
115200
defaultroute
noipdefault
name dialer
remotename dialinserver
/etc/chatscripts/dialinserver
ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' ABORT VOICE ABORT 'NO DIALTONE' ABORT 'NO DIAL TONE'
ABORT 'NO ANSWER' ABORT DELAYED
'' ATZ
OK-AT-OK "ATDTnumber"
CONNECT \d\c
/etc/ppp/chap-secrets
dialer dialinserver password *
Connect with "pon dialinserver" and disconnect with "poff dialinserver"
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